In the United States, the number of incarcerated women has increased drastically over the past few decades (1, 2). It is therefore critically important that correctional facilities be able to address the unique medical needs of female inmates, including prenatal and obstetric care. At a given time, approximately 6-10% of incarcerated women are pregnant (3)….
In the 1970s, women with lupus were often advised against becoming pregnant because of associated complications that can make pregnancies with lupus dangerous to both mothers and babies. Today, doctors recognize that with proper medical oversight and careful timing, most women with lupus can have a successful pregnancy (1). However, it is important to note…
Women with sickle cell disease or sickle cell trait (those who are carriers of the gene that causes sickle cell disease) can often have safe and healthy pregnancies, but there are certain risks that are important to know about. If doctors fail to consider these risks or mismanage associated complications, this can harm the mother…
Compound presentation occurs when the part of the fetus closest to the birth canal (usually the head) presents with an extremity next to it (usually hand or arm) (1). It has been estimated to affect less than 0.004% of pregnancies. What are the causes of compound presentation? Compound presentation can occur as a result of…
The thyroid is a small gland in the neck that produces thyroid hormones, which affect heart rate and metabolism. A thyroid disorder occurs when the thyroid makes too much or too little of certain thyroid hormones (1). Hyperthyroidism: This condition occurs when the thyroid is overactive, or makes too much thyroid hormone. It can cause…
One of the major risk factors for birth injuries, such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), is lack of access to high quality healthcare. This means that births may be more dangerous if the mother does not live near a hospital with trained and qualified staff, or if she is uninsured/unable to afford care. Additionally, some states…
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a relatively common ailment, affecting about 50-60% of women in their lifetimes (1), and in many cases are easily treatable. However, if not effectively treated, they can lead to a variety of dangerous complications, especially in certain high-risk groups. One population particularly threatened by UTIs is pregnant women and their…
In May of 2019, the Department of Clinical Epidemiology at Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark completed a register-based study on the effects of migraine headaches in pregnant women and their babies (1, 2). The researchers used Danish health registry data (collected between 2005 and 2012) to find 22,841 pregnant women who had…
According to the American Pregnancy Association, dizziness and fainting are very common during pregnancy as a result of the drastic hormonal and metabolic changes the body goes through during the first trimester (1). These changes can lower the mother’s blood pressure or blood sugar, causing dizziness and faintness. In the second trimester, the mother may…
According to a recent NPR article, the amount of prenatal genetic testing available to expectant parents has increased enormously over the last decade (1). Furthermore, the genetic testing industry is expected to continue growing by nearly 30% over the five years ahead (1). What are genetic tests used for? Prenatal genetic testing is used to…
