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Research Update: Vacuum Extractors and Forceps Are Both Associated with a Higher Risk of Shoulder Dystocia

Vacuum extractors and forceps are both tools that can be used to assist with a vaginal birth. In developed countries, vacuum extractors have become much more commonly used than forceps, and in certain situations are the safer choice. However, this tool also involves serious risks. For example, some studies have found an association between the…

Cesarean Section at 39 Weeks Reduces the Risk for Neonatal Encephalopathy, Shoulder Dystocia, Fetal Trauma and Intrauterine Fetal Demise

According to a 2006 study by obstetricians and gynecologists Gary D. Hankins, MD, Shannon M. Clark, MD and Mary B. Munn, MD, planned elective cesarean sections can significantly reduce the risk of birth injuries. The doctors studied over 2,100 articles from the national library of medicine. They searched for the following terms: fetal trauma, shoulder dystocia,…